PROFESSOR BRIJ LAL - SALUTING FIJI GIRMITIYAS - ORDINARY PEOPLE WHO DID EXTRAORDINARY THINGS IN EXTRAORDINARY TIMES

PROFESSOR BRIJ LAL - SALUTES FIJI GIRMITIYAS - ORDINARY PEOPLE WHO DID EXTRAORDINARY THINGS IN EXTRAORDINARY TIMES

Professor Brij V. Lal

[Transcript and translation from Hindi by Thakur Ranjit Singh]

Professor Brij Lal clarifies our history, removes misconceptions, and implores Indo-Fijians to record their current history. He addresses audience at Fiji Girmit Remembrance Day in Auckland on 17 May, 2014.

Professor Brij Lal addressing audience at Calvary Indian Assembly of God Church during Girmit Remembrance Day on 17 May, 2014. Single-handedly, this proud son of Fiji from Tabia, Labasa, placed Fiji on the world map, and coined the term "Girmitiya" which is now recognized worldwide as referring to Indo-Fijian indentured laborers. His research cleared many misconceptions about Girmitiyas from India. 

This evening I am happy as well as pleasantly amazed to see so many of you. Happy because you have all come here and started a new life, which appears to be quite prosperous. Amazed because some two decades ago, such an occasion would have been impossible because of our fewer numbers then.

We have come from humble beginning, I, hailing from Tabia, Labasa, being a poor cane-farmer’s son, whose parents were not formally educated. My father had 10 acres of farmland, which now has been reserved and taken away. We came from a so-called era of “darkness”, without internet, iPad, e-mail or mobiles. We did not have Facebook or Twitter. Youngsters nowadays equate that with days of darkness, as they cannot live without these modern inventions and gadgets. Therefore, we the generation of Fiji Girmit descendants should be thankful for what we are today.

Church members enacting a wedding  song, as done during the days of Girmit, to seek some happiness and escape from a difficult life.

In 1987, we celebrated the 108^th anniversary of Girmit in Fiji. Then, our Indo-Fijian population was 50%, today it is a mere 34% and getting smaller. Now, magnets and our center of gravity have changed, they are now Auckland, Sydney, Melbourne, Calgary, Brisbane, Vancouver, Sacramento and so on. The irony is that between 1879 and 1916, some 60,000 Girmitiyas came to Fiji, but from 1987 to now, some 120,000 people have left the country – twice the number. 

This demographic transformation is a fundamental development - exodus of our people from Fiji. But to see all these people doing so well overseas is very pleasing and a wonderful thing. We need to appreciate that we went into Fiji through immigration, and came out through emigration. So, the history of our people will have a theme: from immigration to emigration: the history of Fiji Indians. Many people in decades to come may find it hard to believe that in the recent past, Indo-Fijians comprised 50% of Fiji’s population.

I recall my days in rural Labasa in the 1960s. My Girmitiya grandfather used to socialise on a regular basis with other Girmitiyas at our place. As a kid, I wondered, who these funnily-dressed, strange and unusual people were, speaking in a language that we did not understand. I wondered who they were and how they ended up in Fiji.

Then, in 1970, I went to University of the South Pacific (USP) and later in 1977 when I went to do my PhD at the Australian National University (ANU), I had not forgotten these people. Then I decided to do a research on Girmitiyas and find out: who they were, how and why they came to Fiji, under what condition and how they maintained their tradition, culture, language, religion and way of life.

Members of Calvary Indian Assembly of God Church  depicting Girmit attire.

You may appreciate that during the 1970s and before, there was very little written on Girmitiyas or on Fiji. All the material was there in the archives, but there was little research. All the information about the Girmitiyas was there in the Emigration Passes: next of kin, caste, where the immigrants were registered, what their districts of origin were, their age. 

Sixty thousand people came- 45,000 were from Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, Calcutta and nearby areas and 15,000 people after 1903 from Madras. In six months, I analysed the 45,000 Passes in a dark room at the National Library of Australia, 12 hours a day, viewing microfiche in a dark room, coded them and analysed through the computer. That was a novel experience then. 

Computers were giant, humming machines; there were no PCs. In those days there was an impression abroad and we were made to believe that the Girmitiyas were like the flotsam and jetsam of humanity, people from the lowest strata of society. The British system made us believe this lie, the underpinning of colonial thinking was that since we were from the lowest caste, we did not deserve equal rights, we deserved the lower treatment, and whatever crumbs we got we should be thankful for that.

However my research showed that Indians who came to Fiji represented a fair cross-section of rural Indian society- people who came from Indo- Gangetic plains, from Bihar and nearby areas. People who came were of all caste: upper, middle, lower and so on.

Because of that research, wherever you go in Indian Indenture Diaspora, people cite this research by an Indo-Fijian Professor Brij Lal, to show that they deserve better. Hence the mind-set of the people changed.

Master Shiu Charan, (left), a community leader , former Fiji Parliamentarian, and a Trustee and Executive of Fiji Girmit Foundation of NZ seen with Professor Brij Lal

And then, finding out where they were from. I spent one year in India and visited places where our people were from: Baharaich, Faizabaad, Gonda, Gorakhpur, Sultanpur, Azamgarh, Balia, Ghazipur, I have been to all these areas. I wanted to know why they left India. We are told that people were tricked and misled into coming to Fiji. 

This is true to some extent. But after living with the people, talking to them at length, I found out that Indians were on the move, in search of employment, within India, going to big cities with industries like Assam, Calcutta, Mumbai etc. 

Hence the idea of moving out to seek employment was nothing new to people from this part of the world. The people who moved out of India formed this mass of humanity who were out to seek employment.  They thought Fiji was somewhere near Calcutta and they could easily come back after earning for five years. The idea of our people migrating permanently was not in their heads. But once they had been out, they developed attachments to people and place, and were wondering what the reception would be if they returned to their villages. These were among some of the reasons why our people stayed back in Fiji.

Suicide

There were other subjects on which I did research and wrote short articles. One of them was “suicide”. In 1900, suicide rate among the Indian immigrants in Fiji was among the highest in the world, certainly compared to all the places where Indian indentured labourers went.

A tear-jerker, and emotional act, depicting hardship on plantation to child-bearing women, who were never given opportunity to take care of children, many of who die because of lack of care. In this enactment, the baby dies and the wailing of women left everybody in tears in the Church Hall, revealing the harsh reality of hardship for those pioneers who paved a better future for us through their suffering. They deserved to be remembered at least on Girmit Remembrance Day - a day earmarked for their memory.

We were made to believe that women were the main cause of suicide, as there were fewer in number, and they changed their partners for gold jewellery. They were like mercenaries. Knowing Indian women, I found this hard to believe. 

Hence I did further research and sought information from a Suicide Register kept at National Archives in Fiji. These recorded, among others, when the people who committed suicide came to Fiji, at what age, when they were married, and how they died - things of that sort. There were some 200 cases of suicide between 1884 and 1920, and my research showed conclusively that blaming women was a gross misconception. What I found out was that the major cause was their disillusionment and despair with life on the plantations.

They had come with high hopes of earning money, and the environment they found themselves in became unbearable, and hence they decided to end their lives.

My other paper was “Kunti’s cry”, the experience of Indian women on the plantations.  The other topics I studied were strikes and resistance, disease, death and so on. They are all there in my 400 page book “Chalo Jahaji” which I am leaving behind in your library for people to read.

"Chalo Jahaji" - the mammoth 400-page book by Professor Brij Lal, (right) being autographed before being gifted to Pastor Andrew Pratap (left) of  Calvary Indian Assembly of God Church (Now late pastor). Looking on, in the center is author of "Tears in Paradise" Rajendra Prasad, who is also a Trustee and Executive of Fiji Girmit Foundation NZ, which was behind getting Professor Brij Lal to Auckland. 

One of my life’s ambition has been to remember what others have forgotten or chosen to forget – to give our people a voice and a modicum of humanity, to give them a place at the table of history. We need to remind the new generation about our history: history doesn't only belong to the victors but to the vanquished as well. 

One thing I have done in life before I go is to give these voiceless people a voice - a sense of place, a sense of purpose. People will remember this aspect by history. I do not celebrate struggles and sacrifices and sufferings of our people. What I marvel at is how ordinary people did extraordinary things in extraordinary circumstances. 

We, their descendants, have inherited those traits and legacy of our forebears. And that is that even in difficult circumstances, we never give up and we never compromise. There is a kind of dignity within us, where did it come from? It comes from people who travelled thousands of miles in difficult circumstances, but never gave up. This is the legacy of Girmit that I think we are celebrating, not those horrible things we read in books many years ago.

Now, to my final point - our Girmit. In a sense this is our Girmit, really we are new Girmitiyas in the Indian Diaspora. The difference is that instead of coming in sailing and later steamships, we came via aeroplanes, but we are also starting afresh in a new country in new circumstances.

In my schooldays, we were discouraged from doing history. My teacher said History was for “no-hopers’. Good people do science, so we never bothered to ask the old timers about our past, we were embarrassed about our past, we did not want to be reminded of our long journey. Now when we want to know, they are gone. Now you are here, we will need to answer to our new generation about our story. 

That is why I implore you to put your thoughts down on paper, on videos. Our people are very resourceful, we are rich, earn money, have big houses, but we are poor because we do not preserve our history, and have that hollowness within us. Preserve your memories, write your own stories, even do it on video if you are not a writer; without memories, we are nothing. 

You, the elders of the community, have a responsibility to yourselves, to your children and grandchildren - to preserve the memories of our stories, Girmit is over, but your stories and memories have to be preserved.

The final point is: If we do not do this, who will? 

Thank you very much.

[Professor Brij Vilash Lal, Auckland,17.05.2017. Transcript and translation by Thakur Ranjit Singh]

Secretary and a Founding Trustee of Fiji Girmit Foundation of NZ, Thakur Ranjit Singh (left) with Chief Guest for Fiji Girmit events in Auckland (17th and 18th May, 2014), Professor Brij Lal, who accepted the invitation to grace the occasion at his own cost.

[This is English translation of Hindi speech by Professor Brij Lal at Calvary Indian Assembly of Church, Otahuhu, Auckland  New Zealand on 17 May, 2014 during occasion of marking Fiji Girmit Remembrance Day. Transcribed and translated from digital voice recording for FIJI PUNDIT blog site, by Thakur Ranjit Singh.]

AUCKLAND PAYS HOMAGE TO GIRMITIYAS WITH PROFESSOR BRIJ LAL

Auckland pays homage to Girmitiyas with Professor Brij Lal

Thakur Ranjit Singh

President of Fiji Girmit Foundation of NZ, PUNDIT DEVAKAR PRASAD (left) with the keynote speaker and Chief Guest of Fiji Girmit Remembrance Day in Auckland in 2014, PROFESSOR BRIJ V. LAL.

It was a fine memorable afternoon on Fiji Girmit Remembrance Day on 18 May, 2014. No sooner had the audience in a completely full and decorated Skipton Hall in Auckland settled down for the programme to begin, than the silence was shattered by Punjabi dhol. This rhythmic beat made them stand up with reverence and respect. 

The dhol heralded the entry of children and ladies carrying wreaths. National Anthem of Fiji, India and New Zealand respectively echoed and reverberated in a pin drop silent hall. It was an emotional tsunami, engulfing all who had gathered to pay homage and tribute to their Indentured Girmitiya forebears, and celebrate the fruits of their sacrifices and vision.

The beat of Punjabi Dhol heralds the entry of ladies carrying wreaths in memory of Girmitiyas.

The Chief Guest for the afternoon, Professor Brij Lal lit the candles, followed by other elders who later placed the wreaths in memory of the departed Girmitiyas. The Master of Ceremonies for the afternoon, a well-known Jaycee from Fiji, Nek Mohammed called on the president of the organizers, Fiji Girmit Foundation of New Zealand, Pundit Devakar Prasad. In his welcome speech, Prasad laid the future vision of Girmit Foundation, which would not only become an umbrella body encompassing all Fiji Indians in Auckland, but also has vision of promoting our history, heritage, music, culture, education, and preserving our history for coming generations.

Elders with wreaths to lay in memory of departed souls of Girmit: From left: PUNDIT HARDEO RAM SEWAK SENIOR, PUNDIT SHARDA NAND MAHARAJ, GOVIND PRASAD, NARAIN PRASAD and an elder lady. On the stage, on the lectern is MC for the afternoon, NEK MOHAMMED.

Pundit Devakar took the opportunity to respectively introduce the visionary leadership of Foundation. Thakur Ranjit Singh (Secretary) Krishal Naidu (Treasurer) Executives: Harnam Singh Golian, Master Shiu Charan, Rajendra Prasad (author), Pundit Ram Kumar Sewak, Radha Kanhai Reddy, Pradeep Chand, Satya Dutt and Vijendra Prasad, and latest people to come on board, Nek Mohammed, Rita Singh and Suresh Prasad Kanhai.

Some of the Executives  of Fiji Girmit Foundation of NZ with the Chief Guest: From left, MASTER SHIU CHARAN, PUNDIT DEVAKAR PRASAD, DR. PADMA LAL, PROFESSOR BRIJ LAL, RAJENDRA PRASAD, KRISH NAIDU, THAKUR RANJIT SINGH AND PUNDIT RAM KUMAR SEWAK.

The musical portion of the afternoon began with beautiful Girmit songs and the afternoon brought back memories of Girmit with melodious numbers taking us back to those cane farms and “ coolie lanes” (accommodation barracks). This fitted in well with the theme of afternoon and motto of Girmit Foundation: reconnecting, reclaiming, and restoring Indo-Fijian History. The items which helped doing these included bidesia, kajri, sohar, alha and other music unique to Girmit era. The most notable one is bidesia, which is a lamentation, or “bilaap”, which is expression of deep sorrow of separation from the loved ones.

Bidesia-the song of lamentation: Swatna Lal  (on harmonium) presents an emotional composition of the author of "Tears in Paradise", Rajendra Prasad. This bidesia is a lamentation or "bilaap", which is an expression of a deep sorrow.

Other items which helped to reconnect and reclaim our history, included oratory on Girmit and a talk by Pundit Ram Sewak Senior, a well-known Ram and Krishna Lila convener of Fiji. He spoke of those tough times and how our people have come out of the whole situation, culturally richer and far better off than their pioneer forebears, never losing hope. This was later echoed by other orators, who reminded us of those dark days, vision of our forebears and their emphasis on education to liberate their new generation from the bondage of colonizers. We were reminded to move ahead and not let the dreams of our pioneer Girmitiyas go in vain.

The display of Girmit Day: Thanks to Jennifer Janiff for facilitating this nostalgic display showing items used by Girmitiyas (included a billy can (sispaan), negro pots, coal iron,"soop", hurricane lamp, a karchool - or deep spoon, among others

Fiji Girmit Foundation of NZ was commended for taking time out to declare 14 May of every year as Fiji Girmit Remembrance Day worldwide, and to initiate commemoration of this day in Auckland. A loud and clear reminder went to all people throughout Indo-Fijian Diaspora: 

Unite, mark and commemorate 14 May of every year as Fiji Girmit Remembrance Day, so that one day, within our lifetime, it takes the prestige and honour equivalent to similar days respectively like Independence Day, Memorial Day, Thanksgiving Day, ANZAC Day, Waitangi Day etc. where people take pride in their heritage, and pay homage to their forebears.

Wreath made in shape of Syria Ship which sank at Naselai Reef, with loss of many lives of Girmitiyas.

Professor Brij Vilash Lal, our very appropriate and distinguished Chief Guest and the keynote speaker, stole the show. I had the honour of introducing him: 

Introducing Professor Brij Vilash Lal is like showing diya (candle) to sun. With his many commendable writings, he is a son of Fiji who honestly paid his dues to his forebears. 

A glimpse of audience in a fully-packed Skipton Hall

Lal is Professor of Pacific and Asian History in the College of Asia and the Pacific at The Australian National University (ANU) and represents international face of Fiji, having taught at various renowned overseas universities. He did his doctorate on Fiji Girmitiya, and is widely credited internationally for introducing the word 'Girmitiya' into discussion and writings of Fiji history. Professor Lal is highly decorated with multiple international honours, whereby Fiji and Indo-Fijian Diaspora are blessed with such a worthy son.

Another look at those who came to pay homage to Girmitiyas.

He gave two historical talks during his Auckland visit: one at the Calvary Indian Assembly of God Church in their Girmit function and the other at Foundation’s Girmit Day on 18 May. My FIJI PUNDIT blog site will facilitate separate articles to record, archive and treasure these historical thoughts from a Maestro Historian. Had it not been for him, the world and we would have remained ignorant of the true History of our Girmitiyas.

You can remove Indo-Fijians out of Fiji, but you cannot remove the Kava basin or tanoa from any function of Indo-Fijians. So was the case at Fiji Girmit Remembrance Day, where free grog was supplied 

A very humble Professor spoke not about Girmit, but what happened after that. And he commenced with his lecturing hat on, and posed a question to the audience: What makes Indo-Fijians a unique culture of people in the world? Fortunately, Professor Lal was the most qualified to answer this. There are external as well as internal reasons for their uniqueness. One most important external reason, is that “…In Fiji in contrast to many other places, indenture was a limited detention, not a life sentence…” as after indenture of five to ten years, people were free to settle wherever they could find land. In addition, internal factors were in play: the formation of cultural institution like Arya, Sangam, Sanatan etc., Indian newspapers, Hindi Radio, Hindi movies and the type of education that shaped the culture and knowledge of our people, formulated and promoted by our own people, were instrumental in making us what we are today.

Networking and enjoying meal: Sitting from left, Dr Padma Lal, Professor Brij Lal and Sukh Deo. Standing, from left:  Krish Naidu, Shobhag and Dr. Ajit Swaran Singh and Thakur Ranjit Singh

Professor Lal had come, armed with Hindi ki Pothis -1 to six and other books we used in schools in 60s. He created hilarious moments when reciting some of poems and verses many were familiar with. An interesting topic was old Bollywood movies that most elder people could relate to. One other subject that he covered in his speech earlier on, was that contrary to belief that all indentured labourers were of lower caste and poor impoverished people, many came from middle and upper class.

The hudda-tassa show

The afternoon’s programme ended on a high note with birah and hudda and tassa (big drums) with traditional songs, followed by a sumptuous dinner provided by the Foundation. This occasion provided a good opportunity for all to network, re-establish old contacts and photo session. We departed with the hope to meet in Fiji Girmit Remembrance Day 2015.

Networking and meeting people, from left, Y.P. Reddy, Dr Padma Lal, Professor Brij Lal, Sardaar Harnam Singh Golian, Imraan Hussein, CEO of Shah Group of Companies/ Apna TV and Krish Naidu.

Planning for 2015 function has already begun by the President, Pundit Devakar Prasad, who would bring his four decades of planning abilities and programming, and hopes to make this one a memorable historical event. Those who missed this year, see you next year, with your elderly parents.

E-Mail: thakurji@xtra.co.nz

[About the Author: Thakur Ranjit Singh is the Founding Secretary and Trustee of Fiji Girmit Foundation of NZ. He is a media commentator, a journalist and blogger, running two blog sites: FIJI PUNDIT 

 

The author of this article and blogger of FIJI PUNDIT, Thakur Ranjit Singh (left) with Professor Brij V. Lal.

SANIL KUMAR TRAGEDY: Imposing death sentence: Government action heartless - Fiji Indian Association, Wellington

SANIL KUMAR TRAGEDY: Imposing death sentence: Government action heartless

Sanil Kumar: his plea to NZ authorities that Fiji did not have proper facilities, and he was being sent to certain death, fell on deaf years.. His prediction came true and he lost his life due to a system without milk of human kindness and a heart.

Media release by

Salim A. Singh, President, Fiji Indian Association

The Fiji Indian Association, Wellington Inc has described as “heartless” the decision of the New Zealand Government to send the late Mr Sanil Kumar back to Fiji, despite his proven need for a kidney transplant. 

“By refusing to allow him to remain in New Zealand, the Associate Minister of Immigration, Nikki Kaye actually imposed a death sentence on this young man.” 

Nikki Kaye, NZ Associate Minister of Immigration, who despite NZ outlawing capital punishment, sentenced Sanil Kumar to certain death by sending him to a country which did not have proper medical facilities, contrary to advice to her by faceless people. Is this lady hiding behind privacy issues? FIJI PUNDIT is still carrying out investigations in this issue.

The Minister’s refusal to intervene clearly shows the lack of compassion and human values of the current Government and the decision to send Sanil Kumar back to Fiji is condemned in the strongest terms possible.

It is clear that the Government is now indulging in media spin by saying the Fijian Ministry of Health had assured it that facilities were available in Fiji for Mr Kumar’s care and treatment.

Mr Kumar’s family and well-wishers had raised funds for his treatment and his presence in New Zealand would not have been detrimental to New Zealand’s health system or citizens and his continued presence would not have been contrary to the public interest.

Salim Ashwin Singh, President of Fiji Indian Association , Wellington. "Associate Minister for Immigration, Nikki Kaye actually imposed a death sentence on this young man.” he said, in a media release by the Association.This is perhaps one of the first, and only functioning umbrella organisation representing Indo-Fijians in their respective area. They were the first organisation in New Zealand which started commemorating Girmit Remembrance Day. They are at website: www.fia.org.nz

President, Salim A Singh says the New Zealand Government decision was heartless and Mr Kumar’s demise should be on the collective conscience of the current Government. Mr Singh says he is confident such a decision would not have been taken by Governments led by leaders like the late David Lange, Helen Clark and Jim Bolger and that the manner in which this matter has been handled by the Government shows a clear departure from normal New Zealand humanitarian values.

The Association expresses its heartfelt condolences to the Kumar family.

E- Mail: Salim Ashwin Singh: asinghfia@hotmail.com

[FIJI PUNDIT also joins with Fiji Indian Association of Wellington, New Zealand, in expressing its deepest condolences to families of Sanil Kumar, who was sent to certain death by NZ Associate Minister for Immigration and her heartless and faceless bureaucratic advisers.

[E-Mail: thakurji@xtra.co.nz]

A Girmitiya grandson pays tribute to his granddad and Girmitiyas.

A Girmitiya Grandson pays tribute to his forefathers from Italy

By Guest Writer, Ronald Ranjeet Roshan Singh

Fiji Girmit Foundation of New Zealand is creating awareness about indenture and Girmit history with the theme of: Reconnecting, reclaiming and restoring Indo-Fijian history.

The Foundation encourages and promotes commemoration of FIJI GIRMIT THANKSGIVING DAY on 14 May.

On Thanksgiving Day, Americans think of and honour those who sacrificed for America in creating a new homeland. On ANZAC Day (Australia and New Zealand Army Corps), respective nationals think of their soldiers who fought for their countries and gave their lives. On Waitangi Day, New Zealanders mark that as a nation-building day. 

Then why should not Girmitiya descendant Fiji Indians, thank, honour and celebrate those who sacrificed their lives and gave us the comforsts that they themselves never dreamt of?

Here, we are showing the respect and honour a 4th generation Girmitiya great-granson for his forebears. Hope this enlightenment and enthusiasm for their heritage is held by other young generation in the Indo-Fijian (Fiji Indian) Diaspora (in overseas countries), enjoying the comforts and good life in Canada, USA, Australia and New Zealand. Little do they realise that this is entirely due to sacrifices, suffering and  vision of those ordinary people with extra-ordinary resolve -our FIJI GIRMITIYAS.

Ronald Singh's Girmitiya great- grandfather Bansi, who came to Fiji during tail end of Indenture (Girmit) from Karouli, Rajasthan, India in in 1915. A Bansi Reunion was held in Surrey, Vancouver, Canada in 2015 and in Ba, Fiji in 2016. This was to enlighten the fourth and fifth generations born in Fiji and abroad, about their history, heritage and tales of forebears. People overseas in Indo-Fijian Diaspora are encouraged to further light this flame and have such reunions to tell the new generation about their history. There is need need for them to having pride in these ordinary people with extraordinary dreams, vision and resolve.

Ronald Ranjeet Roshan Singh is a fourth generation Girmitiya grandson, who was born in New Zealand and spent most of his life away from Fiji. He is son of FIJI PUNDIT, Thakur Ranjit Singh. On FIJI GIRMIT THANKSGIVING DAY, he remembers his grandparents and is thankful to and appreciates his Fiji heritage. And he does it from the shores of Lake Garda in Italy.

Lake Garda is the largest lake in Italy. It is a popular holiday location and is located in Northern Italy, about half-way between Brescia and Verona, and between Venice and Milan.  Here he pays tribute to his maternal and paternal grandfathers.

Guest Writer, Ronald Ranjeet Roshan Singh, who loves travelling and writing, is a fourth generation Indo-Fijian, yet appreciative of the unique culture given by Girmitiyas (Indian Indentured Labourers) in Fiji. He wrote this article some over 20 months ago from Italy. He is son  of FIJI PUNDIT Blogger, Thakur Ranjit Singh- like father, like son- having respect for your heritage and "pitra devata" -the departed forebears.

Here is an extract from his diary:

"Fiji Girmit Ancestors” – entry written Lake Garda, Italy around 5:45 am Sunday September 22, 2013. I had just called and spoken to my dear parents in Auckland, New Zealand (11 hours ahead).

Beautiful lake Garda also produces beautiful thoughts about your forebears.. it is important for young generation to have pride in their heritage. Ronald's writing is a challenge to other young people to develop an interest in their history and heritage.

“Here beside Lake Garda, the largest lake in Italy, in this moment, I am listening to Fiji Tambura Bhajan and Fiji Fagua; soulful, beautiful and unique music of my Fiji Girmit people created out of the hardships they endured. And I remember my two late grandfathers, Mr Hans Raj Singh and Mr Shiu Shankar. Truly great men."......And he continues this article.......

You both passed away when I was very young. Now, as a grown man who has traveled the world and is extremely thankful to have discovered himself, discovered the meaning of true, close friendship and discovered the meaning of life, your grandson is listening to music of our people so very, very far from tropical Fiji where your souls rest in peace.

Lake Garda, Italy

This moment reminds me of the hardships and sacrifices my people went through so that one day, their child could be learned and become a true Citizen of Earth and travel far and wide in comfort and reflect on his roots through soulful, beautiful and unique music. I kindly thank you Mr Hans Raj Singh and Mr Shiu Shankar and I kindly thank all you Girmitiyas.

Ronald Singh loves travelling. Here , he is seen in the upper deck of the largest passenger airline, Emirates Airbus A-380, on a trip from Melbourne to Auckland, where he travels often to see his parents and family. And he says he develops those writing thoughts when travelling.

This moment in time is for all you Girmitiyas. You are all here with me living, laughing and adventuring by the fresh waters of Lake Garda, Italy so very, very far from tropical Fiji. This is the precious result of your hardships and sacrifices. Not for one minute do I take this moment for granted. I truly count my blessings.

I have been blessed to be able to do so much in my life. I travel, I write, I surf, I ski, I skydive, I live life, I celebrate life. None of this would have been possible if it wasn't for your long term vision created from the difficulties you faced.  

Lake Garda, Italy

Words cannot describe how truly and kindly thankful I am to you all. Thank you so very much. And I promise you with all my heart that one day, my children and grandchildren will thank you as well.

Bless the precious souls of my two late grandfathers, Mr Hans Raj Singh and Mr Shiu Shankar. Truly great men. Bless the precious souls of the Girmitiyas. Truly great people.

Your forever thankful son, Ronnie (Mr Global Pacific Brother!)”

[E-mail: singhronald@hotmail.com]

[About the Author: Ronald (Ranjeet Roshan) Singh is a New Zealand -born Kiwi who lives in Melbourne, Australia. Like his father, Thakur Ranjit Singh, he has got a flare and interest in writing. He intends to write a book on his travels and experience. He has a special Facebook page for his travels and views: "The Dancing Voyager-Ron Singh"

Remembering Girmit on 14 May- this year and every year on

Remembering Girmit – May 14 - this year, and every year on

By Guest Writer,  Rajendra Prasad

Cover of " TEARS IN PARADISE - Suffering and Struggles of Indians in Fiji-1879- 2004" This is the book authored by our Guest Writer, Rajendra Prasad, who spent some seven years to research this book. He is also a Trustee of Fiji Girmit Foundation of New Zealand, and has also published a second book, "ENSLAVED IN PARADISE"

On this Fiji Girmit Remembrance Day on 14 May, we salute the sacrifices and vision of our Girmitiya forebears. Their resolve ensured that the plan of British to keep Girmitiya children uneducated failed. Girmitiyas pooled in their own resources and built primary schools in the villages. They felt a strong conviction in their hearts that education of their children would liberate them from servitude and poverty. That is exactly what happened. Today, we are the beneficiaries of that vision.

Guest Write of FIJI PUNDIT, Rajendra Prasad, former Town Clerk of Ba and author of Tears in Paradise. He hails from the the banks of Ba River in Vaqia, Ba, Fiji

Every year, the spectre of Girmit stalks us and again, around May 14 we will again appear before the tomb of Girmit with hearts laden with sorrow and gratitude for sacrifices of the pioneer generation. To many it is a distant memory, which is best left to dissipate and disappear in the mist of time. Ignorance is the fruit of their selfish choice but to people like me, Girmit cannot be erased from my conscious memory. It is the spring of my life where I return frequently to pay my debt of gratitude to the sacrifices that my grandparents made at the altar of Girmit. Their suffering and sorrows; grief and tears, nourished the lives of successive generations, leaving a debt of gratitude that cries for recognition and remembrance.

Our detachment from our Girmit history was another successful British plan. Successive generations were completely cut off, as if Girmit did not exist. The simple reason for this was that disclosure of British crimes against the Girmitiyas could have inspired them to seek redress. In addition to this, illiteracy was widespread until the emergence of the third generation by when the crimes of Girmit were submerged. History books written, largely by European writers, did not disclose the horrid crimes of Girmit to protect British interests. The descendants of the Girmitiyas were made to learn the history of other nations and cultures, including the British and indigenous Fijian history but not their own.

Koronubu Indian School - schools like this which spread throughout Fiji were built through sacrifices of Girmitiyas, who spoilt the British plan of keeping Indians uneducated, and slaves for life.

In the British plan for Fiji, the descendants of the Girmitiyas were not to be educated to ensure that they remained a labouring class, working as cooks, gardeners and performing other menial tasks for their white masters. So provision of schools by the Government was scarce. This was one area where the British failed. The Girmitiyas did not wait for provision of schools by the Government. They pooled in their own resources and built primary schools in the villages. They felt a strong conviction in their hearts that education of their children would liberate them from servitude and poverty. It was a mammoth battle and the sweetest victory. If this vision of the Girmitiyas was not pursued with courage, wisdom and sacrifice, our community would have remained illiterate, unskilled and earning our livelihood as menial workers. For their sacrifices, the Girmitiyas placed upon us a debt of gratitude that must ring through generations. Education remains the most treasured weapon, bequeathed to us by the Girmitiyas, which will be the lamps to our feet in guiding us to our destinies.

Our Girmitiya forebears had simple life, but had vision for their children

The Girmitiyas endured their suffering and captured them in different ways. This bidesia, a deep lamentation, was composed in the sugarcane fields of Fiji by an unknown Girmitiya. It captures their helplessness, anguish, anxiety and pain.

Kali kothariya ma biteye nahin ratiyaan ho,

Kiske batayee ham peer re bidesia.

Din raat hamri beeti dukhwa mein umariya ho,

Sukha re naynwa ke neer re bidesia.

(In the dark rooms (of the coolie lines), the nights are difficult to endure. Who do we tell the depth of our pains? Day and night of our lives are consumed in suffering. Tears have dried from our eyes. [This song is normally sung in GIRTMIT DAY Commemoration in Auckland and elsewhere, where Indo-Fijian Diaspora has some pride and honour in their heritage and forebears, to mark this day]

When the cruel masters ignored their pleas and justice system failed them, they found relief and comfort, capturing their emotions in their own mysterious ways. In groups, they gathered, shared, consoled and wiped each other’s tears. Bidesia was a common song that Girmitiyas sang and shared. It was a folksong that captured the longing and lament of the heart of the victims and the singer, usually a woman, sang with tears streaming down.

Hard work paid in the end with a distinct Indo-Fijian culture.

When they were around, I did not, at that time, understand the depth of pain and sorrow that radiated from those innocent eyes, tormented minds and tortured bodies. I did not understand the bowed legs, caused by carrying heavy loads or those that walked with a limp. These were the emblems of Girmit that the Girmitiyas took to their graves. In the innocence of our bachpana (childhood) we teased, mocked or laughed at them and today, I want to hug and apologize to them for my failings. The very thought of it fills my eyes with tears. But where do I go? My heart pants with desire to mitigate my guilt. The least I can now do is to remember and pay my debt of gratitude to them on May 14 and seek forgiveness. We have built our lives on the foundations of their lives. I invite all Indo-Fijians to join me at this altar of gratitude.It will be partial redemption but satisfying.

[ABOUT THE AUTHOT: Rajendra Prasad is former Town Clerk of Ba and the author of Tears in Paradise – Suffering and Struggles of Indians in Fiji 1879-2004. His Fiji roots are at the banks of Ba river at Vaqia, Ba, Fiji. He is also a Founding Trustee of Fiji Girmit Foundation of New Zealand]